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Thank you for registering. One of our academic counsellors will contact you within 1 working day. It is due to its characteristic electronic configuration i. The stability of oxidation state depends mainly on electronic configuration and also on the nature of other combining atom. The elements which show largest number of oxidation states occur in or near the middle of series i. The lesser number of oxidation states at extreme ends arise from either too few electrons to loose or share e.
Sc and Ti or too many d electrons hence fewer orbitals available in which to share electrons with others for higher elements at upper end of first transition series i. Thus electronic configuration, to large extent, the existence and stability of oxidation states.
The other factors which determine stability of oxidation state are: i Enthalpy of atomisation ii Ionisation energy iii Enthalpy of solvation iv E.
The important characteristics of transition metals are: i All transition elements are metallic in nature, e. The presence of partially filled d-orbitaIs in the electronic configuration of atomic and ionic species of these elements is responsible for the characteristic properties of transition elements. They are called transition elements because of their position in the periodic table.
These elements lie in the middle of periodic table between s and p-blocks i. A transition element may be defined as a element whose atom or at least one of its simple ions contain partially filled d-orbitals, e. The general characteristic electronic configuration may be written as n — 1 d 1—10 ns 1—2. Copper is an essential nutrient to all higher plants and animals.
Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. It is thermodynamically favoured for a complex with monodentate ligand to react with polydentate and bidentate ligands to form chelate complex, because this is driven by entropy less molecules become more molecules. Ligands with increased denticity are more stable because they bind to the metal at more sites. It is produced on a large scale by reduction of mixed copper oxide ores with copper metal or by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride using copper electrodes.
The pure compound is insoluble in water but soluble in hydrochloric acid or ammonia. The pure compound is stable in dry air. Copper I oxide or cuprous oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Cu 2 O. It is one of the principal oxides of copper, the other being CuO or cupric oxide. Just as iron that is left unprotected in open air will corrode and form a flaky orange-red outer layer, copper that is exposed to the elements undergoes a series of chemical reactions that give the shiny metal a pale green outer layer called a patina.
It is Black. In fact, there are two different Copper Oxides. The amount of copper in the Statue of Liberty could make 30 million pennies!
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