It was secularized in and returned to the Catholic Church in At the same time, Governor Portola traveled by land. It took them each more than a month to travel about miles, and Father Serra arrived about a week after Portola.
Two days after he arrived, on June 3, , Father Serra founded the Carmel Mission, which was originally located at the Monterey Presidio. Portola left soon after the missions' founding. He left Lieutenant Fages in charge. Fages started to interfere with Carmel Mission. Within a year, Father Serra decided to move the mission to a spot on the Carmel River that had better soil and water and was further away from the soldiers.
In the summer of , the first buildings were started, using 40 Indians from the south, 3 soldiers and 5 sailors for labor. The first winter was very hard. They arrived too late to plant crops. No ships could get there because of ocean storms. Finally, some soldiers went south toward present-day San Luis Obispo and killed some bears.
They also harvested wild seeds along the way. In all, they carried enough food back to keep the people from starving.
Father Serra went along with the bear hunters. On the trip, he persuaded a sea captain to carry supplies back to the mission, but he did not return. Instead, he went to Mexico and was gone for a year and a half.
While he was away, Father Palou took over. In , records show the mission had converts, and there were people living at Carmel Mission and on its ranch. They built an irrigation canal from the river to a pool nearby, where they kept fish. The Fathers trained the Indians to do farm and ranch work, blacksmithing and carpentry, and how to make adobe bricks, roof tiles, and tools. Supplies ran low again in early Many people almost died.
That fall, things got better when they harvested bushels of wheat, bushels of corn and 45 bushels of beans.
By , the harvest was four times larger. About the same time, Don Juan Bautista de Anza established an inland route and started bringing supplies by land, so the settlers did not have to depend on ships.
Father Serra came back to Carmel in He moved into a small building next to Carmel Mission and administered mission affairs from there until he died on August 28, , at age He was buried next to Father Crespi, who died in Fathers Palou and Lasuen succeeded Serra as Presidente of the Missions, and both of them made Carmel their headquarters. By , the Indian neophyte population reached A new stone church was started in and finished in Soon after its founding the Mission was moved by Francian Father Junipero Serra to its current location near the ocean mouth of the Carmel River in Father Serra established the Mission near the river to serve the Esselen and Ohlone communities, the Native Peoples of the region.
In , after 15 years of Missionary work and the creation of seven more Missions nine in all Saint Junipero Serra died and was interred in the Church of the Mission.
The Mission lands and buildings under the Mexican Government were secularized in and the Mission Indians and Franciscan Fathers were required to leave.
By the start of the American Gold Rush in , California had officially become the thirty-first state of the United States, and the Mission fell into disrepair. Located in Monterey County, Calif. It was the 2nd California mission constructed and was the home base or headquarters for Father Serra and his staff.
References state that he sought to distance his organization from the "hired hands" or neophytes and the Carmel mission served as an administrative facility. Either way, it was named for an Italian cardinal, Saint Charles of Borremeo, but is most commonly referred to as Carmel Mission. Serra died on August 28, , and was interred beneath the chapel floor. The Jo Mora Chapel Gallery with a sculpted Serra Memorial Cenotaph which is not a tomb but solely a monument, was created in utilizing travertine marble and bronze.
It shows life-sized figures of Serra and these three other important figures, all buried under the church sanctuary or on the church grounds. Today, visitors to the restored and reconstructed Carmel Mission will see the mission, with its complete quadrangle courtyard. Only part of the mission buildings date from the 18th and 19th centuries while others are of more recent construction but still in the California mission style. The Old Presidio Chapel in Monterey then used the furnishings until the early part of the 20th century when they returned to Carmel Mission.
Carmel Mission Carmel, California. By the late s and early s, Spain extended its New World Empire by establishing permanent settlements on the west coast of North America. In order to colonize Alta Upper California, the Spanish constructed presidios forts and missions.
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