Nine days later, the Bakufu held a banquet in celebration of Tenka seihitsu pacification of the whole country to mark the end of the major civil war that had continued for 11 good years. However, in spite of the year duration of the war involving an aggregate of hundreds of thousands of soldiers mobilized into the capital, it was a war continued by inertia, tolling the life of none of major military leaders; moreover, the authority of the Bakufu power itself, which shugo daimyos had been vying for, was already lost, eventually nothing for them to win.
Moves of shugo daimyo and influential local lords. The Onin War was mainly fought in Kyoto , but its latter half saw the expansion of fronts involving localities far from the capital. The expansion was mainly a consequence of tactics of Katsumoto to Western camp daimyos including the Ouchi and Toki families to harass the rear, and the expansion included substantially the whole country except the provinces of Ou, Kanto, Echigo, and Kai.
Shugo daimyos and influential local lords who participated in the Eastern and Western camps will be listed below, but it has to be noted that the same persons sometimes belonged to a different side.
The following description refers mainly to affiliations in or around Shugo daimyos. The Onin War served to accelerate the downfall of Shoguns and shugo daimyos and to raise the status of true strongmen, as symbolized by the acquisition by Takakage ASAKURA , who had been a deputy shugo , of the rank of shugo daimyo.
The trend of gekokujo an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite proliferated nationwide, driving Japan to its Sengoku Period Period of Warring States. As remaining outdated systems, including the manorial system, began to collapse quickly, social powers having new values came to the fore.
Even after the end of the Onin War, Masanaga and Yoshinari continued to fight each other in Yamashiro Province, but the successive battles brought common people together around kokujin indigenous samurai and they, backed by Katsumoto's successor Masamoto, rose up in Yamashironokuni Ikki Yamashiro Province uprising and succeeded in driving the two warring forces out of the province.
It was the moment when new powers having no place in the old regime had emerged on the front stage of history. Downfall of the old and rise of the new powers.
A key feature that characterizes the whole Muromachi period is 'the downfall of the old and the rise of the new powers. This circumstance, coupled with the still incomplete establishment of the system of family headship inheritance by the eldest son, often gave rise to rivalry for heirship or other 'oie sodo' family feuds in the families of the Shogun and shugo daimyos.
Reconstruction of Kyoto after the Onin War. In the language of Kyotoites, the 'war' in postwar often means this war. Court nobles and common people driven away from Kyoto by the Onin War took refuge in Yamashina Ward , a peripheral area of Kyoto , neighboring cities of Uji, Otsu, Nara, and Sakai, and local estates. There was no reason to obey such a man.
Daimyos — local lords — gathered their armies of samurai and supporting forces and went to war. A decade of violence followed. Prominent Clans grappled for control of the country. Lesser nobles took their side in the hope of attaining power or settling scores. Following defeats, hostages were taken as guarantees of good behavior. When violence flared up again, those victims of fortune met brutal ends.
Three Clans were especially prominent in the fighting. The Hosokawa and the Yamana, who had triggered the war, played a leading part. Despite their leaders being related, theirs was one of the most vicious disputes.
The breakdown of authority gave a new lease of life to pirates in the surrounding seas. The s saw a rise in piracy that would last for the next century. Some of those pirates acted with support from the daimyos.
During the fighting, that number dropped dramatically. Some died, some fled. Merchants feared to go to the city, and its economy declined. The ikki were becoming a powerful force, and not just armed mobs. By they had even set up a provisional government for Yamashiro province.
The ikki would form and appear throughout the other parts of Japan, such as Kaga Province , where a sect of the Amida Buddhists , the Ikko , started their own revolt during the Onin War after being enlisted by one of Kaga's most prominent warlords, Togashi Masachika.
The Ikko were a sect who tried their hardest to appeal to the common peasants in their region, and it was only inevitable that they would form a sort of Ikko-ikki. By the Ikko-ikki of Kaga Province expelled Masachika and the other warlords, and took control of the province. After this they began building a fortified castle-cathedral along the Yodo River and used it as their Headquarters. The Ikko-ikki and the Yamashiro-ikki were revolutionary, in a process called Gekokujo "the low oppress the high".
After the Onin War, the Ashikaga bakufu completely fell apart; for all practical purposes, the Hosokawa family was in charge and the Ashikaga shoguns becamse their puppets. When Yoshimi's son Yoshitane was made shogun in , the Hosokawa Kanrei soon put him to flight in and declared another Ashikaga, Yoshizumi, to be shogun. In , Yoshitane arrived at Yamaguchi, the capital of the Ouchi, and this powerful family threw its military support behind Yoshitane.
In , the Kanrei Hosokawa Matsumoto was assassinated and in , Yoshizumi left Kyoto and the Ouchi restored the shogunate to Yoshitane.
Thence began a series of strange conflicts over control of the puppet government of the shogunate. After the death of Hosokawa Matsumoto, his adopted sons Takakuni and Sumimoto began to fight over the succession to the Kanrei, but Sumimoto himself was a puppet of one of his vassals. This would characterize the wars following the Onin War; these wars were more about control over puppet governments than they were about high ideals or simply greed for territory.
In one such fight in the summer of eight cartloads of heads were taken as trophies, but within months the conflict deteriorated into a stalemate where night raids were launched and large stones were flung by catapult. The greatest loss of all was the disappearance of loyalty to the shogun. Instead, his former deputies in the provinces seized power in their local areas.
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